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Mermaid-Visual-Review

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Mermaid Visual Review Sheet

Focus: Visualizing Mechanisms and Resolving Terminological Confusion
Created: 2026-04-26 | Exam Date: 2026-04-29

1. International Trade: The Opportunity Cost Mechanism

Linked Concept: InternationalTradeTheory
Resolves confusion: Comparative Advantage is based on Opportunity Cost, not production cost.

graph TD
    A[Country A vs Country B] --> B{Who has Comparative Advantage?}
    B -->|Lower Absolute Cost| C[Absolute Advantage]
    B -->|Lower Opportunity Cost| D[Comparative Advantage]
    C --> E[Higher Efficiency/Speed]
    D --> F[Mechanism: What is sacrificed?]
    F --> G[Sacrifice less of Good X to make Good Y]
    G --> H[Result: Basis for International Trade]
    style D fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px

2. Monetary Policy: Open Market Operations

Linked Concept: BankOfCanada
Resolves confusion: The tool is Open Market Operations, the instrument is Government Securities.

flowchart LR
    A[Bank of Canada] -- Mechanism: Open Market Operations --> B[Chartered Bank Reserves]
    B -->|BoC BUYS Securities| C[Money FLOWS IN to Reserves]
    B -->|BoC SELLS Securities| D[Money FLOWS OUT of Reserves]
    C --> E[Expansionary Policy]
    D --> F[Restrictive Policy]
    style A fill:#bbf,stroke:#333
    style B fill:#dfd,stroke:#333

3. Motivation: Content vs. Process Categories

Linked Concept: MotivationTheories
Resolves confusion: Distinguishing the ‘What’ (Content) from the ‘How’ (Process).

mindmap
  root((Motivation Theories))
    Content Theories
      ::icon(fa fa-question)
      )What motivates people?(
      Maslows Hierarchy
      Herzbergs Two-Factor
      McGregors Theory X/Y
    Process Theories
      ::icon(fa fa-gear)
      )How are they motivated?(
      Expectancy Theory
      Equity Theory
      Goal-Setting Theory
    Reinforcement
      Social Learning
      Reinforcement Theory

4. Leadership: Democratic Decision Path

Linked Concept: LeadershipApproaches
Resolves confusion: Democratic style involves Consultation but the leader still makes the final call.

graph TD
    A[Leader Decision Path] --> B[Autocratic]
    A --> C[Democratic]
    A --> D[Free-Rein]
    B --> B1[Leader decides ALONE]
    C --> C1[Leader CONSULTS subordinates]
    C1 --> C2[Leader makes FINAL decision]
    D --> D1[Subordinates decide ALONE]
    style C fill:#fff4dd,stroke:#d4a017,stroke-width:4px

Patterns for Success

  • Mechanism Focus: When you see a “How” question, look for the mechanism (Operations, Opportunity Cost, Consultation).
  • Label Precision: Be wary of using the noun of the object (Securities, Production) when the question asks for the process (Operations, Opportunity Cost).

Graph View